안녕하세요 :)
저번 포스팅에서 로컬 환경에서 Truffle을 활용한
배포 개발 시간을 가져봤으니 이번 시간에는
로컬 환경이 아닌 클레이튼 환경에서 IDE를 활용한
컨트랙 배포 후 테스트하는 시간을 가져볼까 합니다ㅎ
필요한 것 / Prerequisite
- Klaytn IDE
- Kaikas Wallet
- Basic understading of Solidity
- Image you want to put in your NFT
중요한 것! / Important things
클레이튼 기반의 개발을 위해선 이더리움의 표준 컨트랙트인 ERC가 아닌
KIP 표준을 사용해야합니다!
그리고 클레이튼의 IDE은 Remix에서 분기했기에
사용할 수 없는 일부 기능이 있습니다.
-> 따라서 가능하면 한 페이지에서 작성하는 것이 좋습니다.
단, 로컬 환경에서는 파일을 구분하는 것이 가능.
설정 후 코드 작성까지! / Configure environment and Code our contract
이제 작업환경이 될 Klaytn IDE에 들어가셔서
배포 전 계정을 연동시켜줍니다! 테스트넷에서 클레이튼을 미리 받아주고 (설명 링크)
Remix IDE와는 다르게 메타마스크 연결같이 월렛과 연결하는 방식이 아닌
프라이빗키로 연결을 시도해야합니다. (테스트용 계정입니다. 항상 프라이빗키는 주의하세요)
이후 원하는 이름으로 파일을 만들어준 후 더보기 안의 코드를 넣어줍니다!
더보기
pragma solidity ^0.5.6;
/**
* @dev Interface of the KIP-13 standard, as defined in the
* [KIP-13](http://kips.klaytn.com/KIPs/kip-13-interface_query_standard).
*
* Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
* queried by others.
*
* For an implementation, see `KIP13`.
*/
interface IKIP13 {
/**
* @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
* `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
* [KIP-13 section](http://kips.klaytn.com/KIPs/kip-13-interface_query_standard#how-interface-identifiers-are-defined)
* to learn more about how these ids are created.
*
* This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
*/
function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}
/**
* @dev Required interface of an KIP17 compliant contract.
*/
contract IKIP17 is IKIP13 {
event Transfer(
address indexed from,
address indexed to,
uint256 indexed tokenId
);
event Approval(
address indexed owner,
address indexed approved,
uint256 indexed tokenId
);
event ApprovalForAll(
address indexed owner,
address indexed operator,
bool approved
);
/**
* @dev Returns the number of NFTs in `owner`'s account.
*/
function balanceOf(address owner) public view returns (uint256 balance);
/**
* @dev Returns the owner of the NFT specified by `tokenId`.
*/
function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view returns (address owner);
/**
* @dev Transfers a specific NFT (`tokenId`) from one account (`from`) to
* another (`to`).
*
* Requirements:
* - `from`, `to` cannot be zero.
* - `tokenId` must be owned by `from`.
* - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move this
* NFT by either `approve` or `setApproveForAll`.
*/
function safeTransferFrom(
address from,
address to,
uint256 tokenId
) public;
/**
* @dev Transfers a specific NFT (`tokenId`) from one account (`from`) to
* another (`to`).
*
* Requirements:
* - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this NFT by
* either `approve` or `setApproveForAll`.
*/
function transferFrom(
address from,
address to,
uint256 tokenId
) public;
function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public;
function getApproved(uint256 tokenId)
public
view
returns (address operator);
function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) public;
function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator)
public
view
returns (bool);
function safeTransferFrom(
address from,
address to,
uint256 tokenId,
bytes memory data
) public;
}
/**
* @title ERC721 token receiver interface
* @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
* from ERC721 asset contracts.
*/
contract IERC721Receiver {
/**
* @notice Handle the receipt of an NFT
* @dev The ERC721 smart contract calls this function on the recipient
* after a `safeTransfer`. This function MUST return the function selector,
* otherwise the caller will revert the transaction. The selector to be
* returned can be obtained as `this.onERC721Received.selector`. This
* function MAY throw to revert and reject the transfer.
* Note: the ERC721 contract address is always the message sender.
* @param operator The address which called `safeTransferFrom` function
* @param from The address which previously owned the token
* @param tokenId The NFT identifier which is being transferred
* @param data Additional data with no specified format
* @return bytes4 `bytes4(keccak256("onERC721Received(address,address,uint256,bytes)"))`
*/
function onERC721Received(
address operator,
address from,
uint256 tokenId,
bytes memory data
) public returns (bytes4);
}
/**
* @title KIP17 token receiver interface
* @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
* from KIP17 asset contracts.
* @dev see http://kips.klaytn.com/KIPs/kip-17-non_fungible_token
*/
contract IKIP17Receiver {
/**
* @notice Handle the receipt of an NFT
* @dev The KIP17 smart contract calls this function on the recipient
* after a `safeTransfer`. This function MUST return the function selector,
* otherwise the caller will revert the transaction. The selector to be
* returned can be obtained as `this.onKIP17Received.selector`. This
* function MAY throw to revert and reject the transfer.
* Note: the KIP17 contract address is always the message sender.
* @param operator The address which called `safeTransferFrom` function
* @param from The address which previously owned the token
* @param tokenId The NFT identifier which is being transferred
* @param data Additional data with no specified format
* @return bytes4 `bytes4(keccak256("onKIP17Received(address,address,uint256,bytes)"))`
*/
function onKIP17Received(
address operator,
address from,
uint256 tokenId,
bytes memory data
) public returns (bytes4);
}
/**
* @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
* checks.
*
* Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
* in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
* error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
* `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
* operation overflows.
*
* Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
* class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
*/
library SafeMath {
/**
* @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
* overflow.
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
*
* Requirements:
* - Addition cannot overflow.
*/
function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
uint256 c = a + b;
require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");
return c;
}
/**
* @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
* overflow (when the result is negative).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
*
* Requirements:
* - Subtraction cannot overflow.
*/
function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
return sub(a, b, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
}
/**
* @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
* overflow (when the result is negative).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
*
* Requirements:
* - Subtraction cannot overflow.
*
* _Available since v2.4.0._
*/
function sub(
uint256 a,
uint256 b,
string memory errorMessage
) internal pure returns (uint256) {
require(b <= a, errorMessage);
uint256 c = a - b;
return c;
}
/**
* @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
* overflow.
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
*
* Requirements:
* - Multiplication cannot overflow.
*/
function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
// Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
// benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
// See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
if (a == 0) {
return 0;
}
uint256 c = a * b;
require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");
return c;
}
/**
* @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts on
* division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
* `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
* uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
*
* Requirements:
* - The divisor cannot be zero.
*/
function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
return div(a, b, "SafeMath: division by zero");
}
/**
* @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts with custom message on
* division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
* `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
* uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
*
* Requirements:
* - The divisor cannot be zero.
*
* _Available since v2.4.0._
*/
function div(
uint256 a,
uint256 b,
string memory errorMessage
) internal pure returns (uint256) {
// Solidity only automatically asserts when dividing by 0
require(b > 0, errorMessage);
uint256 c = a / b;
// assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold
return c;
}
/**
* @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
* Reverts when dividing by zero.
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
* opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
* invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
*
* Requirements:
* - The divisor cannot be zero.
*/
function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
return mod(a, b, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
}
/**
* @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
* Reverts with custom message when dividing by zero.
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
* opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
* invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
*
* Requirements:
* - The divisor cannot be zero.
*
* _Available since v2.4.0._
*/
function mod(
uint256 a,
uint256 b,
string memory errorMessage
) internal pure returns (uint256) {
require(b != 0, errorMessage);
return a % b;
}
}
/**
* @dev Collection of functions related to the address type,
*/
library Address {
/**
* @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
*
* This test is non-exhaustive, and there may be false-negatives: during the
* execution of a contract's constructor, its address will be reported as
* not containing a contract.
*
* > It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
* false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
*/
function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
// This method relies in extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
// construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
// constructor execution.
uint256 size;
// solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
assembly {
size := extcodesize(account)
}
return size > 0;
}
}
/**
* @title Counters
* @author Matt Condon (@shrugs)
* @dev Provides counters that can only be incremented or decremented by one. This can be used e.g. to track the number
* of elements in a mapping, issuing ERC721 ids, or counting request ids.
*
* Include with `using Counters for Counters.Counter;`
* Since it is not possible to overflow a 256 bit integer with increments of one, `increment` can skip the SafeMath
* overflow check, thereby saving gas. This does assume however correct usage, in that the underlying `_value` is never
* directly accessed.
*/
library Counters {
using SafeMath for uint256;
struct Counter {
// This variable should never be directly accessed by users of the library: interactions must be restricted to
// the library's function. As of Solidity v0.5.2, this cannot be enforced, though there is a proposal to add
// this feature: see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/4637
uint256 _value; // default: 0
}
function current(Counter storage counter) internal view returns (uint256) {
return counter._value;
}
function increment(Counter storage counter) internal {
counter._value += 1;
}
function decrement(Counter storage counter) internal {
counter._value = counter._value.sub(1);
}
}
/**
* @dev Implementation of the `IKIP13` interface.
*
* Contracts may inherit from this and call `_registerInterface` to declare
* their support of an interface.
*/
contract KIP13 is IKIP13 {
/*
* bytes4(keccak256('supportsInterface(bytes4)')) == 0x01ffc9a7
*/
bytes4 private constant _INTERFACE_ID_KIP13 = 0x01ffc9a7;
/**
* @dev Mapping of interface ids to whether or not it's supported.
*/
mapping(bytes4 => bool) private _supportedInterfaces;
constructor() internal {
// Derived contracts need only register support for their own interfaces,
// we register support for KIP13 itself here
_registerInterface(_INTERFACE_ID_KIP13);
}
/**
* @dev See `IKIP13.supportsInterface`.
*
* Time complexity O(1), guaranteed to always use less than 30 000 gas.
*/
function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId)
external
view
returns (bool)
{
return _supportedInterfaces[interfaceId];
}
/**
* @dev Registers the contract as an implementer of the interface defined by
* `interfaceId`. Support of the actual KIP13 interface is automatic and
* registering its interface id is not required.
*
* See `IKIP13.supportsInterface`.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `interfaceId` cannot be the KIP13 invalid interface (`0xffffffff`).
*/
function _registerInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) internal {
require(interfaceId != 0xffffffff, "KIP13: invalid interface id");
_supportedInterfaces[interfaceId] = true;
}
}
/**
* @title KIP17 Non-Fungible Token Standard basic implementation
* @dev see http://kips.klaytn.com/KIPs/kip-17-non_fungible_token
*/
contract KIP17 is KIP13, IKIP17 {
using SafeMath for uint256;
using Address for address;
using Counters for Counters.Counter;
// Equals to `bytes4(keccak256("onKIP17Received(address,address,uint256,bytes)"))`
// which can be also obtained as `IKIP17Receiver(0).onKIP17Received.selector`
bytes4 private constant _KIP17_RECEIVED = 0x6745782b;
// Equals to `bytes4(keccak256("onERC721Received(address,address,uint256,bytes)"))`
// which can be also obtained as `IERC721Receiver(0).onERC721Received.selector`
bytes4 private constant _ERC721_RECEIVED = 0x150b7a02;
// Mapping from token ID to owner
mapping(uint256 => address) private _tokenOwner;
// Mapping from token ID to approved address
mapping(uint256 => address) private _tokenApprovals;
// Mapping from owner to number of owned token
mapping(address => Counters.Counter) private _ownedTokensCount;
// Mapping from owner to operator approvals
mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;
/*
* bytes4(keccak256('balanceOf(address)')) == 0x70a08231
* bytes4(keccak256('ownerOf(uint256)')) == 0x6352211e
* bytes4(keccak256('approve(address,uint256)')) == 0x095ea7b3
* bytes4(keccak256('getApproved(uint256)')) == 0x081812fc
* bytes4(keccak256('setApprovalForAll(address,bool)')) == 0xa22cb465
* bytes4(keccak256('isApprovedForAll(address,address)')) == 0xe985e9c
* bytes4(keccak256('transferFrom(address,address,uint256)')) == 0x23b872dd
* bytes4(keccak256('safeTransferFrom(address,address,uint256)')) == 0x42842e0e
* bytes4(keccak256('safeTransferFrom(address,address,uint256,bytes)')) == 0xb88d4fde
*
* => 0x70a08231 ^ 0x6352211e ^ 0x095ea7b3 ^ 0x081812fc ^
* 0xa22cb465 ^ 0xe985e9c ^ 0x23b872dd ^ 0x42842e0e ^ 0xb88d4fde == 0x80ac58cd
*/
bytes4 private constant _INTERFACE_ID_KIP17 = 0x80ac58cd;
constructor() public {
// register the supported interfaces to conform to KIP17 via KIP13
_registerInterface(_INTERFACE_ID_KIP17);
}
/**
* @dev Gets the balance of the specified address.
* @param owner address to query the balance of
* @return uint256 representing the amount owned by the passed address
*/
function balanceOf(address owner) public view returns (uint256) {
require(
owner != address(0),
"KIP17: balance query for the zero address"
);
return _ownedTokensCount[owner].current();
}
/**
* @dev Gets the owner of the specified token ID.
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to query the owner of
* @return address currently marked as the owner of the given token ID
*/
function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view returns (address) {
address owner = _tokenOwner[tokenId];
require(
owner != address(0),
"KIP17: owner query for nonexistent token"
);
return owner;
}
/**
* @dev Approves another address to transfer the given token ID
* The zero address indicates there is no approved address.
* There can only be one approved address per token at a given time.
* Can only be called by the token owner or an approved operator.
* @param to address to be approved for the given token ID
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be approved
*/
function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public {
address owner = ownerOf(tokenId);
require(to != owner, "KIP17: approval to current owner");
require(
msg.sender == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, msg.sender),
"KIP17: approve caller is not owner nor approved for all"
);
_tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
emit Approval(owner, to, tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev Gets the approved address for a token ID, or zero if no address set
* Reverts if the token ID does not exist.
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to query the approval of
* @return address currently approved for the given token ID
*/
function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view returns (address) {
require(
_exists(tokenId),
"KIP17: approved query for nonexistent token"
);
return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
}
/**
* @dev Sets or unsets the approval of a given operator
* An operator is allowed to transfer all tokens of the sender on their behalf.
* @param to operator address to set the approval
* @param approved representing the status of the approval to be set
*/
function setApprovalForAll(address to, bool approved) public {
require(to != msg.sender, "KIP17: approve to caller");
_operatorApprovals[msg.sender][to] = approved;
emit ApprovalForAll(msg.sender, to, approved);
}
/**
* @dev Tells whether an operator is approved by a given owner.
* @param owner owner address which you want to query the approval of
* @param operator operator address which you want to query the approval of
* @return bool whether the given operator is approved by the given owner
*/
function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator)
public
view
returns (bool)
{
return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
}
/**
* @dev Transfers the ownership of a given token ID to another address.
* Usage of this method is discouraged, use `safeTransferFrom` whenever possible.
* Requires the msg.sender to be the owner, approved, or operator.
* @param from current owner of the token
* @param to address to receive the ownership of the given token ID
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
*/
function transferFrom(
address from,
address to,
uint256 tokenId
) public {
//solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
require(
_isApprovedOrOwner(msg.sender, tokenId),
"KIP17: transfer caller is not owner nor approved"
);
_transferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev Safely transfers the ownership of a given token ID to another address
* If the target address is a contract, it must implement `onKIP17Received`,
* which is called upon a safe transfer, and return the magic value
* `bytes4(keccak256("onKIP17Received(address,address,uint256,bytes)"))`; otherwise,
* the transfer is reverted.
* Requires the msg.sender to be the owner, approved, or operator
* @param from current owner of the token
* @param to address to receive the ownership of the given token ID
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
*/
function safeTransferFrom(
address from,
address to,
uint256 tokenId
) public {
safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
}
/**
* @dev Safely transfers the ownership of a given token ID to another address
* If the target address is a contract, it must implement `onKIP17Received`,
* which is called upon a safe transfer, and return the magic value
* `bytes4(keccak256("onKIP17Received(address,address,uint256,bytes)"))`; otherwise,
* the transfer is reverted.
* Requires the msg.sender to be the owner, approved, or operator
* @param from current owner of the token
* @param to address to receive the ownership of the given token ID
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
* @param _data bytes data to send along with a safe transfer check
*/
function safeTransferFrom(
address from,
address to,
uint256 tokenId,
bytes memory _data
) public {
transferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
require(
_checkOnKIP17Received(from, to, tokenId, _data),
"KIP17: transfer to non KIP17Receiver implementer"
);
}
/**
* @dev Returns whether the specified token exists.
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to query the existence of
* @return bool whether the token exists
*/
function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view returns (bool) {
address owner = _tokenOwner[tokenId];
return owner != address(0);
}
/**
* @dev Returns whether the given spender can transfer a given token ID.
* @param spender address of the spender to query
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
* @return bool whether the msg.sender is approved for the given token ID,
* is an operator of the owner, or is the owner of the token
*/
function _isApprovedOrOwner(address spender, uint256 tokenId)
internal
view
returns (bool)
{
require(
_exists(tokenId),
"KIP17: operator query for nonexistent token"
);
address owner = ownerOf(tokenId);
return (spender == owner ||
getApproved(tokenId) == spender ||
isApprovedForAll(owner, spender));
}
/**
* @dev Internal function to mint a new token.
* Reverts if the given token ID already exists.
* @param to The address that will own the minted token
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be minted
*/
function _mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal {
require(to != address(0), "KIP17: mint to the zero address");
require(!_exists(tokenId), "KIP17: token already minted");
_tokenOwner[tokenId] = to;
_ownedTokensCount[to].increment();
emit Transfer(address(0), to, tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev Internal function to burn a specific token.
* Reverts if the token does not exist.
* Deprecated, use _burn(uint256) instead.
* @param owner owner of the token to burn
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token being burned
*/
function _burn(address owner, uint256 tokenId) internal {
require(
ownerOf(tokenId) == owner,
"KIP17: burn of token that is not own"
);
_clearApproval(tokenId);
_ownedTokensCount[owner].decrement();
_tokenOwner[tokenId] = address(0);
emit Transfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev Internal function to burn a specific token.
* Reverts if the token does not exist.
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token being burned
*/
function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal {
_burn(ownerOf(tokenId), tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev Internal function to transfer ownership of a given token ID to another address.
* As opposed to transferFrom, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
* @param from current owner of the token
* @param to address to receive the ownership of the given token ID
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
*/
function _transferFrom(
address from,
address to,
uint256 tokenId
) internal {
require(
ownerOf(tokenId) == from,
"KIP17: transfer of token that is not own"
);
require(to != address(0), "KIP17: transfer to the zero address");
_clearApproval(tokenId);
_ownedTokensCount[from].decrement();
_ownedTokensCount[to].increment();
_tokenOwner[tokenId] = to;
emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev Internal function to invoke `onKIP17Received` on a target address.
* The call is not executed if the target address is not a contract.
*
* This function is deprecated.
* @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
* @param to target address that will receive the tokens
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
* @param _data bytes optional data to send along with the call
* @return bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value
*/
function _checkOnKIP17Received(
address from,
address to,
uint256 tokenId,
bytes memory _data
) internal returns (bool) {
bool success;
bytes memory returndata;
if (!to.isContract()) {
return true;
}
// Logic for compatibility with ERC721.
(success, returndata) = to.call(
abi.encodeWithSelector(
_ERC721_RECEIVED,
msg.sender,
from,
tokenId,
_data
)
);
if (
returndata.length != 0 &&
abi.decode(returndata, (bytes4)) == _ERC721_RECEIVED
) {
return true;
}
(success, returndata) = to.call(
abi.encodeWithSelector(
_KIP17_RECEIVED,
msg.sender,
from,
tokenId,
_data
)
);
if (
returndata.length != 0 &&
abi.decode(returndata, (bytes4)) == _KIP17_RECEIVED
) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* @dev Private function to clear current approval of a given token ID.
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
*/
function _clearApproval(uint256 tokenId) private {
if (_tokenApprovals[tokenId] != address(0)) {
_tokenApprovals[tokenId] = address(0);
}
}
}
/**
* @title KIP-17 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional enumeration extension
* @dev See http://kips.klaytn.com/KIPs/kip-17-non_fungible_token
*/
contract IKIP17Enumerable is IKIP17 {
function totalSupply() public view returns (uint256);
function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index)
public
view
returns (uint256 tokenId);
function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) public view returns (uint256);
}
/**
* @title KIP-17 Non-Fungible Token with optional enumeration extension logic
* @dev See http://kips.klaytn.com/KIPs/kip-17-non_fungible_token
*/
contract KIP17Enumerable is KIP13, KIP17, IKIP17Enumerable {
// Mapping from owner to list of owned token IDs
mapping(address => uint256[]) private _ownedTokens;
// Mapping from token ID to index of the owner tokens list
mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _ownedTokensIndex;
// Array with all token ids, used for enumeration
uint256[] private _allTokens;
// Mapping from token id to position in the allTokens array
mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _allTokensIndex;
/*
* bytes4(keccak256('totalSupply()')) == 0x18160ddd
* bytes4(keccak256('tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address,uint256)')) == 0x2f745c59
* bytes4(keccak256('tokenByIndex(uint256)')) == 0x4f6ccce7
*
* => 0x18160ddd ^ 0x2f745c59 ^ 0x4f6ccce7 == 0x780e9d63
*/
bytes4 private constant _INTERFACE_ID_KIP17_ENUMERABLE = 0x780e9d63;
/**
* @dev Constructor function.
*/
constructor() public {
// register the supported interface to conform to KIP17Enumerable via KIP13
_registerInterface(_INTERFACE_ID_KIP17_ENUMERABLE);
}
/**
* @dev Gets the token ID at a given index of the tokens list of the requested owner.
* @param owner address owning the tokens list to be accessed
* @param index uint256 representing the index to be accessed of the requested tokens list
* @return uint256 token ID at the given index of the tokens list owned by the requested address
*/
function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index)
public
view
returns (uint256)
{
require(
index < balanceOf(owner),
"KIP17Enumerable: owner index out of bounds"
);
return _ownedTokens[owner][index];
}
/**
* @dev Gets the total amount of tokens stored by the contract.
* @return uint256 representing the total amount of tokens
*/
function totalSupply() public view returns (uint256) {
return _allTokens.length;
}
/**
* @dev Gets the token ID at a given index of all the tokens in this contract
* Reverts if the index is greater or equal to the total number of tokens.
* @param index uint256 representing the index to be accessed of the tokens list
* @return uint256 token ID at the given index of the tokens list
*/
function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) public view returns (uint256) {
require(
index < totalSupply(),
"KIP17Enumerable: global index out of bounds"
);
return _allTokens[index];
}
/**
* @dev Internal function to transfer ownership of a given token ID to another address.
* As opposed to transferFrom, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
* @param from current owner of the token
* @param to address to receive the ownership of the given token ID
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
*/
function _transferFrom(
address from,
address to,
uint256 tokenId
) internal {
super._transferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
_removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(from, tokenId);
_addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(to, tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev Internal function to mint a new token.
* Reverts if the given token ID already exists.
* @param to address the beneficiary that will own the minted token
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be minted
*/
function _mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal {
super._mint(to, tokenId);
_addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(to, tokenId);
_addTokenToAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev Internal function to burn a specific token.
* Reverts if the token does not exist.
* Deprecated, use _burn(uint256) instead.
* @param owner owner of the token to burn
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token being burned
*/
function _burn(address owner, uint256 tokenId) internal {
super._burn(owner, tokenId);
_removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(owner, tokenId);
// Since tokenId will be deleted, we can clear its slot in _ownedTokensIndex to trigger a gas refund
_ownedTokensIndex[tokenId] = 0;
_removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev Gets the list of token IDs of the requested owner.
* @param owner address owning the tokens
* @return uint256[] List of token IDs owned by the requested address
*/
function _tokensOfOwner(address owner)
internal
view
returns (uint256[] storage)
{
return _ownedTokens[owner];
}
/**
* @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's ownership-tracking data structures.
* @param to address representing the new owner of the given token ID
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list of the given address
*/
function _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(address to, uint256 tokenId) private {
_ownedTokensIndex[tokenId] = _ownedTokens[to].length;
_ownedTokens[to].push(tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's token tracking data structures.
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list
*/
function _addTokenToAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
_allTokensIndex[tokenId] = _allTokens.length;
_allTokens.push(tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's ownership-tracking data structures. Note that
* while the token is not assigned a new owner, the _ownedTokensIndex mapping is _not_ updated: this allows for
* gas optimizations e.g. when performing a transfer operation (avoiding double writes).
* This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _ownedTokens array.
* @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list of the given address
*/
function _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(address from, uint256 tokenId)
private
{
// To prevent a gap in from's tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
// then delete the last slot (swap and pop).
uint256 lastTokenIndex = _ownedTokens[from].length.sub(1);
uint256 tokenIndex = _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];
// When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary
if (tokenIndex != lastTokenIndex) {
uint256 lastTokenId = _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];
_ownedTokens[from][tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
_ownedTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index
}
// This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
_ownedTokens[from].length--;
// Note that _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId] hasn't been cleared: it still points to the old slot (now occupied by
// lastTokenId, or just over the end of the array if the token was the last one).
}
/**
* @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's token tracking data structures.
* This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _allTokens array.
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list
*/
function _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
// To prevent a gap in the tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
// then delete the last slot (swap and pop).
uint256 lastTokenIndex = _allTokens.length.sub(1);
uint256 tokenIndex = _allTokensIndex[tokenId];
// When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary. However, since this occurs so
// rarely (when the last minted token is burnt) that we still do the swap here to avoid the gas cost of adding
// an 'if' statement (like in _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration)
uint256 lastTokenId = _allTokens[lastTokenIndex];
_allTokens[tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
_allTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index
// This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
_allTokens.length--;
_allTokensIndex[tokenId] = 0;
}
}
/**
* @title KIP-17 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
* @dev See http://kips.klaytn.com/KIPs/kip-17-non_fungible_token
*/
contract IKIP17Metadata is IKIP17 {
function name() external view returns (string memory);
function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}
contract KIP17Metadata is KIP13, KIP17, IKIP17Metadata {
// Token name
string private _name;
// Token symbol
string private _symbol;
// Optional mapping for token URIs
mapping(uint256 => string) private _tokenURIs;
/*
* bytes4(keccak256('name()')) == 0x06fdde03
* bytes4(keccak256('symbol()')) == 0x95d89b41
* bytes4(keccak256('tokenURI(uint256)')) == 0xc87b56dd
*
* => 0x06fdde03 ^ 0x95d89b41 ^ 0xc87b56dd == 0x5b5e139f
*/
bytes4 private constant _INTERFACE_ID_KIP17_METADATA = 0x5b5e139f;
/**
* @dev Constructor function
*/
constructor(string memory name, string memory symbol) public {
_name = name;
_symbol = symbol;
// register the supported interfaces to conform to KIP17 via KIP13
_registerInterface(_INTERFACE_ID_KIP17_METADATA);
}
/**
* @dev Gets the token name.
* @return string representing the token name
*/
function name() external view returns (string memory) {
return _name;
}
/**
* @dev Gets the token symbol.
* @return string representing the token symbol
*/
function symbol() external view returns (string memory) {
return _symbol;
}
/**
* @dev Returns an URI for a given token ID.
* Throws if the token ID does not exist. May return an empty string.
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to query
*/
function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory) {
require(
_exists(tokenId),
"KIP17Metadata: URI query for nonexistent token"
);
return _tokenURIs[tokenId];
}
/**
* @dev Internal function to set the token URI for a given token.
* Reverts if the token ID does not exist.
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to set its URI
* @param uri string URI to assign
*/
function _setTokenURI(uint256 tokenId, string memory uri) internal {
require(
_exists(tokenId),
"KIP17Metadata: URI set of nonexistent token"
);
_tokenURIs[tokenId] = uri;
}
/**
* @dev Internal function to burn a specific token.
* Reverts if the token does not exist.
* Deprecated, use _burn(uint256) instead.
* @param owner owner of the token to burn
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token being burned by the msg.sender
*/
function _burn(address owner, uint256 tokenId) internal {
super._burn(owner, tokenId);
// Clear metadata (if any)
if (bytes(_tokenURIs[tokenId]).length != 0) {
delete _tokenURIs[tokenId];
}
}
}
/**
* @title Full KIP-17 Token
* This implementation includes all the required and some optional functionality of the KIP-17 standard
* Moreover, it includes approve all functionality using operator terminology
* @dev see http://kips.klaytn.com/KIPs/kip-17-non_fungible_token
*/
contract KIP17Full is KIP17, KIP17Enumerable, KIP17Metadata {
constructor(string memory name, string memory symbol)
public
KIP17Metadata(name, symbol)
{
// solhint-disable-previous-line no-empty-blocks
}
}
/**
* @title Roles
* @dev Library for managing addresses assigned to a Role.
*/
library Roles {
struct Role {
mapping(address => bool) bearer;
}
/**
* @dev Give an account access to this role.
*/
function add(Role storage role, address account) internal {
require(!has(role, account), "Roles: account already has role");
role.bearer[account] = true;
}
/**
* @dev Remove an account's access to this role.
*/
function remove(Role storage role, address account) internal {
require(has(role, account), "Roles: account does not have role");
role.bearer[account] = false;
}
/**
* @dev Check if an account has this role.
* @return bool
*/
function has(Role storage role, address account)
internal
view
returns (bool)
{
require(account != address(0), "Roles: account is the zero address");
return role.bearer[account];
}
}
contract MinterRole {
using Roles for Roles.Role;
event MinterAdded(address indexed account);
event MinterRemoved(address indexed account);
Roles.Role private _minters;
constructor() internal {
_addMinter(msg.sender);
}
modifier onlyMinter() {
require(
isMinter(msg.sender),
"MinterRole: caller does not have the Minter role"
);
_;
}
function isMinter(address account) public view returns (bool) {
return _minters.has(account);
}
function addMinter(address account) public onlyMinter {
_addMinter(account);
}
function renounceMinter() public {
_removeMinter(msg.sender);
}
function _addMinter(address account) internal {
_minters.add(account);
emit MinterAdded(account);
}
function _removeMinter(address account) internal {
_minters.remove(account);
emit MinterRemoved(account);
}
}
/**
* @title KIP17Mintable
* @dev KIP17 minting logic.
*/
contract KIP17Mintable is KIP17, MinterRole {
/*
* bytes4(keccak256('isMinter(address)')) == 0xaa271e1a
* bytes4(keccak256('addMinter(address)')) == 0x983b2d56
* bytes4(keccak256('renounceMinter()')) == 0x98650275
* bytes4(keccak256('mint(address,uint256)')) == 0x40c10f19
*
* => 0xaa271e1a ^ 0x983b2d56 ^ 0x98650275 ^ 0x40c10f19 == 0xeab83e20
*/
bytes4 private constant _INTERFACE_ID_KIP17_MINTABLE = 0xeab83e20;
/**
* @dev Constructor function.
*/
constructor() public {
// register the supported interface to conform to KIP17Mintable via KIP13
_registerInterface(_INTERFACE_ID_KIP17_MINTABLE);
}
/**
* @dev Function to mint tokens.
* @param to The address that will receive the minted tokens.
* @param tokenId The token id to mint.
* @return A boolean that indicates if the operation was successful.
*/
function mint(address to, uint256 tokenId)
public
onlyMinter
returns (bool)
{
_mint(to, tokenId);
return true;
}
}
/**
* @title KIP17 Burnable Token
* @dev KIP17 Token that can be irreversibly burned (destroyed).
* See http://kips.klaytn.com/KIPs/kip-17-non_fungible_token
*/
contract KIP17Burnable is KIP13, KIP17 {
/*
* bytes4(keccak256('burn(uint256)')) == 0x42966c68
*
* => 0x42966c68 == 0x42966c68
*/
bytes4 private constant _INTERFACE_ID_KIP17_BURNABLE = 0x42966c68;
/**
* @dev Constructor function.
*/
constructor() public {
// register the supported interface to conform to KIP17Burnable via KIP13
_registerInterface(_INTERFACE_ID_KIP17_BURNABLE);
}
/**
* @dev Burns a specific KIP17 token.
* @param tokenId uint256 id of the KIP17 token to be burned.
*/
function burn(uint256 tokenId) public {
//solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
require(
_isApprovedOrOwner(msg.sender, tokenId),
"KIP17Burnable: caller is not owner nor approved"
);
_burn(tokenId);
}
}
contract PauserRole {
using Roles for Roles.Role;
event PauserAdded(address indexed account);
event PauserRemoved(address indexed account);
Roles.Role private _pausers;
constructor() internal {
_addPauser(msg.sender);
}
modifier onlyPauser() {
require(
isPauser(msg.sender),
"PauserRole: caller does not have the Pauser role"
);
_;
}
function isPauser(address account) public view returns (bool) {
return _pausers.has(account);
}
function addPauser(address account) public onlyPauser {
_addPauser(account);
}
function renouncePauser() public {
_removePauser(msg.sender);
}
function _addPauser(address account) internal {
_pausers.add(account);
emit PauserAdded(account);
}
function _removePauser(address account) internal {
_pausers.remove(account);
emit PauserRemoved(account);
}
}
/**
* @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
* mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
*
* This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
* modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
* the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
* simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
*/
contract Pausable is PauserRole {
/**
* @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by a pauser (`account`).
*/
event Paused(address account);
/**
* @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by a pauser (`account`).
*/
event Unpaused(address account);
bool private _paused;
/**
* @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state. Assigns the Pauser role
* to the deployer.
*/
constructor() internal {
_paused = false;
}
/**
* @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
*/
function paused() public view returns (bool) {
return _paused;
}
/**
* @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
*/
modifier whenNotPaused() {
require(!_paused, "Pausable: paused");
_;
}
/**
* @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
*/
modifier whenPaused() {
require(_paused, "Pausable: not paused");
_;
}
/**
* @dev Called by a pauser to pause, triggers stopped state.
*/
function pause() public onlyPauser whenNotPaused {
_paused = true;
emit Paused(msg.sender);
}
/**
* @dev Called by a pauser to unpause, returns to normal state.
*/
function unpause() public onlyPauser whenPaused {
_paused = false;
emit Unpaused(msg.sender);
}
}
/**
* @title KIP17 Non-Fungible Pausable token
* @dev KIP17 modified with pausable transfers.
*/
contract KIP17Pausable is KIP13, KIP17, Pausable {
/*
* bytes4(keccak256('paused()')) == 0x5c975abb
* bytes4(keccak256('pause()')) == 0x8456cb59
* bytes4(keccak256('unpause()')) == 0x3f4ba83a
* bytes4(keccak256('isPauser(address)')) == 0x46fbf68e
* bytes4(keccak256('addPauser(address)')) == 0x82dc1ec4
* bytes4(keccak256('renouncePauser()')) == 0x6ef8d66d
*
* => 0x5c975abb ^ 0x8456cb59 ^ 0x3f4ba83a ^ 0x46fbf68e ^ 0x82dc1ec4 ^ 0x6ef8d66d == 0x4d5507ff
*/
bytes4 private constant _INTERFACE_ID_KIP17_PAUSABLE = 0x4d5507ff;
/**
* @dev Constructor function.
*/
constructor() public {
// register the supported interface to conform to KIP17Pausable via KIP13
_registerInterface(_INTERFACE_ID_KIP17_PAUSABLE);
}
function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public whenNotPaused {
super.approve(to, tokenId);
}
function setApprovalForAll(address to, bool approved) public whenNotPaused {
super.setApprovalForAll(to, approved);
}
function transferFrom(
address from,
address to,
uint256 tokenId
) public whenNotPaused {
super.transferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
}
}
contract Ownable {
address payable private _owner;
event OwnershipTransferred(
address indexed previousOwner,
address indexed newOwner
);
/**
* @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
*/
constructor() internal {
_owner = msg.sender;
emit OwnershipTransferred(address(0), _owner);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
*/
function owner() public view returns (address payable) {
return _owner;
}
/**
* @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
*/
modifier onlyOwner() {
require(isOwner(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
_;
}
/**
* @dev Returns true if the caller is the current owner.
*/
function isOwner() public view returns (bool) {
return msg.sender == _owner;
}
/**
* @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
* `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
*
* > Note: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
* thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
*/
function renounceOwnership() public onlyOwner {
emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, address(0));
_owner = address(0);
}
/**
* @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
* Can only be called by the current owner.
*/
function transferOwnership(address payable newOwner) public onlyOwner {
_transferOwnership(newOwner);
}
/**
* @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
*/
function _transferOwnership(address payable newOwner) internal {
require(
newOwner != address(0),
"Ownable: new owner is the zero address"
);
emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, newOwner);
_owner = newOwner;
}
}
이 안의 코드들은
상속받아와야할 KIP 표준 컨트랙트 들을 모아놓은 것입니다.
Klaytn IDE는 웬만하면 한 페이지에서 작업하는 게 좋다고 했죠?
코드들 밑에 저희가 배포할 컨트랙 코드들도 넣어줍니다.
contract MyNFTs is KIP17Full, Ownable {
using Counters for Counters.Counter;
Counters.Counter private _tokenIds;
constructor() public KIP17Full("MyNFTs", "MNFT") {}
function mintNFT(string memory tokenURI)
public
onlyOwner
returns (uint256)
{
_tokenIds.increment();
uint256 newItemId = _tokenIds.current();
_mint(msg.sender, newItemId);
_setTokenURI(newItemId, tokenURI);
return newItemId;
}
}
자 간단하게 코드의 내용을 살펴보자면
- 상속받아온 KIP17은 이더리움 NFT컨트랙인 ERC721에 상응하는 스탠다드
- Ownable의 경우에는 컨트랙의 소유자 (배포한 계정)만이 함수를 호출하게 만드는 함수 제어자.
- Constructor는 생성자로써, 배포될 때 호출되며 1개만 작성해야하며 필수는 아님 없으면 Default로 자동 포함!
- mintNFT 펑션은 우리가 넣고싶은 이미지를 넣어주며 토큰으로 생성해준다
배포와 실습까지 / Deploy and Test our contract
컨트랙 리스트를 보면 미리 가져왔던 KIP 표준들의 리스트와
저희가 작성한 MyNFTs가 보일겁니다! 선택해주시고 배포를 눌러주시면
쨘 🎶 배포한 컨트랙이 트랜잭션으로 남게됩니다!
자 아직 끝난게 아닙니다!
저희가 배포한 것은 NFT가 아닌
NFT를 만들기 위한 컨트랙일 뿐 !
이제 드디어 우리만의 하나뿐인, 대체 불가능한 토큰을 위해
마지막으로 토큰에 들어갈 URI를 준비해봅시다! 링크 참고
준비되셨나요?
자 이렇게 저희가 작성한 mintNFT 펑션 인수에
저희가 받아온 TokenURI를 넣어주고 트랜잭션을 날리게 되면
이런 식으로 트랜잭션이 성공적으로 보내진 것을 확인할 수 있고
해당 트랜잭션 해쉬로 클레이튼의 테스트넷, 바오밥 네트워크 스콥에서 확인을 하게 되면
여기서도 성공적으로 트랜잭션이 이루어진 것을 확인할 수 있고
Input Data에서도 저희가 올린 메타데이터가 정상적으로 들어온 것을 확인할 수 있습니다!
자 어떠셨나요?
이번 시간에는 Truffle로 로컬에서 진행하는 것이 아닌
클레이튼의 IDE에서 트랜잭션을 배포, 개발까지 해봤습니다!
개인적으로 환경이 조금 달라지고 메타데이터를 만들어오는 것에서
json 형식으로 링크를 만들 때 이미지를 정상적으로 들어가지 않아서
시간을 많이 소모한 것 같습니다.
아무래도 정보가 많이 없는 분야이다 보니 정보를 찾기가 쉽지 않은데요,
이럴 경우엔 해당 네트워크 분야의 포럼이나 개발자들이 모여있는 커뮤니티에
질문을 올려 빠르게 정보를 습득하는 방법을 통해
빠르게 해결하는 것도 중요한 포인트라 생각합니다
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